Category: Disasters

  • Sinkholes!

    Sinkholes!

    Sinkholes in Korea

    Watch your step! That sinkhole is a doozy. We explore the growing concerns of sinkholes in Korea, what causes them, and how to spot one before it collapses. 

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    Credits

    Produced by Joe McPherson and Shawn Morrissey

    Music by Soraksan

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    Hunter Winter
    Cecilia Löfgren Dumas
    Josephine Rydberg
    Devin Buchanan
    Ashley Wright
    George Irion

  • Sewol Ferry Disaster: Aftermath & Mysteries

    Sewol Ferry Disaster: Aftermath & Mysteries

    The 2014 Sewol Ferry Disaster traumatized South Korea. Conspiracy theories emerged to make sense of the senselessness. Here are the biggest ones.

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    Steve Marsh
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    Mitchy Brewer
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    Toni A

    Notes

    April 16, 2014; anniversary of Titanic (April 14-15, 1912)

    Biggest peacetime disaster

    304 deaths, 172 survivors 

    One of those events you remember where you were when you heard it.

    • All the cancellations
    • I was in a meeting

    Conspiracy theories

    • North Korea sank it
      • Conspiracy by the far right
      • A NK submarine would have to go deep into southern SK waters, shoot a silent torpedo that somehow left no hole, and sneak out
    • Deliberately sunk
      • Conspiracy by the far left
      • Gov’t trying to start war with NK
      • Company trying to get insurance money
    • Human sacrifice theory
      • A ceremony to reincarnate Choi Tae-min or Park Chang-hee
      • PGH referred to the victims as a “noble sacrifice”
      • Seeded by Choi’s cult background
      • This weirdly doesn’t make sense because people escaping would be considered blasphemous when committing a human sacrifice
    • Intentional neglect during the rescue
      • Even opposition party members believed this one
    • Submarine accident cover-up
      • This time it was an accident, and the intentional neglect was to save face for the Korean navy
      • Some celebrities pushed this one
    • Cosmetic surgery theory
      • Believed to be recovering from a skin lift or Botox
      • Some politicians pursued this one
      • There was some truth that through Choi Soon-shil, PGH was receiving secret cosmetic procedures, but not around the time of the Sewol
    • Lotte Hotel rumor
      • PGH was being given Botox on the VIP room on the 36th floor
      • Were out of sight until she recovered enough for the cameras
      • There is no VIP room on the 36th floor, only a banquet room

    Meeting a bereaved parent 

    Shin Jumja hates meeting neighbours; feels they look at her with pity; what’s more, son Hwi-beom didn’t want to go on the trip, afraid of sinking; Shin pushed him to go; compounded bereavement: bereaved parents tend to blame themselves. Therefore… 

    • Bereaved parents need community of bereaved parents; no one outside community understands: don’t try to enter community
    • Best to say nothing to bereaved parent outside of condolences at the time – never offer condolences after the fact
    • Be careful to encourage parent to join grief therapy, parent groups, etc.; do not push constantly; if parent appears suicidal, contact professional immediatley  
    • If you meet someone and discover they’re bereaved parent, say nothing unless parents brings it up first; in short, never ask a bereaved parent about their child
    • Movement today to not ask people when they’re having children – add one more reason that isn’t discussed: they may be bereaved 
  • Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (21st Century)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (21st Century)

    Modern Korea was shaped as much by its disasters as its achievements. The 21st century started with fires and serial killers as disasters went from a macro to a human level. 

    • (1999) Sealand Youth Training Centre – 23 killed
    • (1999) Inchon bar fire – 65 killed
    • (2003) Daegu subway fire – 192 killed
    • (2003-2004) Yu Yeong-cheol – 20 killed
    • (2008) Fire in refrigeration distribution warehouse under construction – 40/57 killed
    • (2008) Namdaemun fire
    • (2008) Nonhyeon-dong massacre – 6 killed
    • (2014) Sewol Ferry – 304 killed
    • (2016) Gangnam bathroom murder
    • (2017) Jecheon fire – electrical fire in a gym “Noble Fitness and Spa” – 29 killed

    Part of the Korean Disasters Series:

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1950s-70s)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1980s)

    “The Disaster Republic”: Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1990s)

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    NOTES

    We’re not going to cover them all.

     

    (June 30, 1999) Sealand Youth Training Centre – 23 killed

    • Background
      • Hwaseong
      • Steel-framed, reinforced concrete
      • Additional space – stacked cargo containers covered with wood and corrugated iron with flammable styrofoam ceilings
      • No fire safety measures
        • No sprinkler system
        • Most extinguishers not working
        • No fire alarm
        • Bad exits
          • Two with narrow stairways
        • BUT–had passed fire safety inspections twice
    • Disaster
      • Lit mosquito coil shortly after midnight
      • Late responders – 12:30 a.m. fire / 1:30 a.m. alarm at fire station / arrived 2:00 a.m.
      • Took 50 hours to get under control
      • 19 children, 4 adults died
        • 18 children from Somang Kindergarten
          • Most sleeping in room 301
        • Took two weeks to identify all the bodies
    • Aftermath
      • Sealand Park owner and six Hawseong officials charged with involuntary manslaughter & violation of building laws PLUS bribery charges
        • Also borrowed a construction designer’s construction license
        • Four architects and builders were also arrested
      • Somang Kindergarten officials arrested
        • Were off drinking rather than watching their children
      • Outcry – Greater enforcement of safety standards

    (Oct 30, 1999) Incheon bar fire – 65 killed

    Incheon Bar

      • Background
        • 3rd worst fire in modern history
        • 3-story wood and brick building
        • Restaurant on first floor
        • Illegal hof on second floor (Live 2 Hof House)
        • Eight days prior – police had ordered it shut down
          • No license
          • Spot check – thought it was closed
            • Likely tipped off
            • “Every time the police had a surprise inspection, the owner kicked the children out and shut down the bar,” Ko Kyung Mi said. “But I am sure that the police knew about the situation.”
        • Many under aged (97 of 129 known victims)
          • Youngest killed was 13
          • High school students coming from a high school festival
            • Many still had on their uniforms
      • Disaster
        • Cause – Basement noraebang
          • Undergoing renovation
          • Two teenage part-time students playing with fire
            • Extinguished in the room, but inter-wall materials spread the fire throughout the building
        • Door locked from outside
          • Overheard owner told staff to lock the doors and not let anyone out until they paid for their drinks
            • Then left
            • Similarities to Sampoong?
          •  
          • More than 100 trapped inside
        • Most deaths from smoke inhalation on 2nd floor beer hall and 3rd floor billiard room (NBA Billiards)
        • Poor fire codes
          • Windows couldn’t open and were almost indestructible 
            • 3rd floor was able to break the windows
          • Narrow corridors and stairs
            • Stairs were a chimney
          • One small exit
          • No sprinklers
            • Removed during renovation
        • Fire extinguishers, but happened so fast that people couldn’t use them
      • Aftermath
        • Worst fire since the ‘70s
          • Building owner jumped from the 3rd floor and survived with injuries
        • Pub owner and four workers arrested
          • Owner tried to run away but turned himself in
            • Five years in prison
            • Went into ministry and tried to become a Christian singer
        • Busted in March for violation of codes but bribed officials (arrested)
        • “There was no place to play”
          • Prevalence of adult-friendly entertainment districts and no place for teens to go
          • Commercial district (Inhyeon-dong) collapsed
        • Memorial – Incheon Student Education and Culture Center (near site)

    (Feb 18, 2003) Daegu subway fire – 192 killed

    Daegu Subway Fire aftermath

    • Arsonist set fire to a train
      • Fire spread across two trains within minutes
    • Largest peacetime deliberate human disaster
    • Kim Dae-han
      • 56-year-old unemployed taxi driver
      • (2001) Had a stroke and wasn’t satisfied with medical treatment
      • Wanted to kill himself and take others with him
    • Disaster
      • Was opening cartons and fumbling with a lighter
        • Passengers tried to stop him
        • Spilled one of the cartons, which caught fire
        • Kim escaped with injuries
      • Insulation made fire spread, along with vinyl and plastic on seat cushions and strap handles
      • Train operator didn’t notify officials of fire
      • Another train entered the station and stopped
        • Automatic fire detector SHUT DOWN THE POWER, trapping the train
        • Operator told passengers to REMAIN SEATED
        • Was told by officials to kill the engine and leave
        • Took the master key and escaped, but in doing so kept the doors shut
      • Unprepared
        • No fire extinguishers
        • No sprinklers or emergency lighting
        • Poor emergency ventilation systems 
      • Late responders
        • Because smoked prevented them from entering for 3.5 hours
    • Aftermath
      • Attempted cover-up
        • Escaped operator couldn’t be found for 10 hours
        • Transcript omissions
      • Better fire safety equipment in subway stations
        • Interiors sprayed with fire-resistant chemicals
        • Six Daegu stations refurbished
        • This is why there are instruction with a cartoon man with a defined butt crack showing how to open subway doors
      • Operators of both trains charged with negligence
        • Sentenced 4-5 years in prison
      • Kim Dae-han convicted of arson and homicide
        • Sentenced to life (though prosecutors pushed for death)
        • Died in 2004
      • (2008) Daegu Safety Theme Park opened

     

    (2003-2004) Yu Yeong-cheol – 20 killed

    • One of the better known murderers
    • Father was a Vietnam War vet
      • Alcoholic
      • Gambler
      • Left family*
    • Yoo was violent when young, but athletic 
    • Artistic, wanted to be an artist
    • Dropped out of school
    • Aug.23, 1988 committed first known crime – theft
      • Exempt from military service
    • 1991, got married, had a son
    • Throughout 90s, committed 14 counts of theft and rape, total 7 years in prison
    • March, 2000, sentenced 3.5 years in prison for raping a teenage girl (sent to Jeonju Prison)
    • Wife filed for divorce
    • September, 2003, released from prison
      • Lived with mother in Seoul
      • Became fascinated with murder
      • Killed a dog to experiment
        • Stabbed the dog
        • Was put off by the blood, dog’s hollering, and squirming
        • Decided it was best to hit victims in the head first
    • Later that month, first murder
    • Most victims were bludgeoned (usually with a hammer or similar tool) then stabbed
      • He started killing wealthy elderly (men and women), often in their homes, before moving on to raping and murdering women (often masseuses/prostitutes, usually in their 20s)
      • Victims were bludgeoned or raped or both before being murdered; several were dismembered and cannibalised 
      • Victims ranged between early 20s and mid-80s 
    • July 2004, captured
      • Convicted of 20 murders
      • Rape was later added to convictions
    • December 2004, sentenced to death
      • June 2005, death sentence was lowered to life by Supreme Court
    • Currently in Seoul Detention Centre
    • 2010, reestablishing the death penalty was reviewed by Minister of Justice
      • Violent serial killers were the key focus; Yoo was the key example for ministry’s review
      • Review was abandoned

     

    (Jan 7, 2008) Fire in refrigeration distribution warehouse under construction – 40/57 killed

    • Cause – Sparks from welding landed on chemicals
    • Safety issues
      • Fire dept issued safety inspection certificate WITHOUT INSPECTING
      • Workers not given safety training
      • Bballi Bballi pressure to finish
      • Fire suppression wasn’t operational–locked down
    • Aftermath
      • Building owners sentenced 20 million won
        • Avoided prison

    (Feb 10, 2008) Namdaemun fire

    Namdaemun Fire

    • Chae Jong-gi (69 years old)
      • Upset he hadn’t been paid in full for land sold to developers
      • (2006) Had also tried to set Changgyeonggung on fire
    • Namdaemun targeted because
      • Lax security
      • Didn’t want to cause casualties (so no trains or buses–thanks, dude)
    • Aftermath
      • Now has fire suppression systems and CCTVs
      • Other sites got the same treatment

    (Oct 20, 2008) Nonhyeon-dong massacre – 6 killed

    • Goshiwon 3rd floor, Jeong Sang-jin (30) set his room on fire and slashed several women with a sushi knife while wearing all black and a headlamp and goggles
      • One woman died when she jumped out of a window
      • Jeong was thought to be a victim and was rescued from a storage room, where he was hiding
    • Jeong Sang-jin
      • Financial hardships
      • Was picked on his whole life
      • Skipped reservist training
      • Wanted to target the rich and high authorities, but went for who was convenient
    • Aftermath
      • Sentenced to death
    •  

    (July 6, 2013) Asiana Airlines Flight 214 – 3 killed

    Asiana flight 214: Crew 'over-relied' on automation - BBC News

    • Bumped the runway while landing at SFO
    • Cause – Pilot error
      • Official: Over-reliance on automation and lack of understanding of systems operation
      • Unofficial: Miscommunication – Other crew members who saw an error didn’t object because of hierarchy 

    (April 16, 2014) Sewol Ferry – 304 killed

    South Korea ferry 'sank due to negligence, corruption' - BBC News

    • Incident
      • Capsized while third mate and helmsman made too sharp a turn
        • Captain Lee Joon-seok and crew were drinking beer
      • Ordered passengers to stay put
        • Those who disobeyed survived
        • Captain and crew abandoned ship
        • Three crew members stayed on to help and died
      • Rescue operations delayed and botched
    • Causes
      • Sudden turn
        • Off-duty captain complained about steering problems
      • Overloading and improperly secured cargo
        • Off-duty captain and first mate warned about it
        • Owners brushed it off
        • Not carrying enough ballast water
        • Miscommunication between agencies about what the maximums should be
      • Addition of extra passenger cabins (similar to Sampoong’s extra floor)
      • Cozy relationship between agencies and shipping business
    • Aftermath
      • Media was an embarrassment
      • Perpetrators 
        • Former owner Yoo Byung-eun fled
          • Nationwide manhunt
          • Body was found in a field
        • Captain and two other crew indicted with homicide
          • Captain – 36 years
            • Judgement: Negligence but not intent to kill
          • Chief Engineer – Murder – 30 years
          • 11 other crew members indicted on lesser charges
        • Chonghaejin CEO Kim Han-sik – 10 years
          • Six other employees and a Korean Shipping Association officials received sentences
      •  Led to downfall of Park Geun-hye
        • Negligence
        • Caring more about the optics
        • Made blacklist of artists who portrayed Sewol in their artwork
          • Members of administration were imprisoned for four years for this
      • Lax regulations under spotlight

    (May 17, 2016) Gangnam bathroom murder 

    A woman's slaying in Seoul's tony Gangnam district stirs emotions in South  Korea - Los Angeles Times

    • Women in White Raincoats Gather at Gangnam Station in the Rain, "We're Here  to Change the World, Which Remains Misogynist" | Women in White Raincoats  Gather at Gangnam Station in the Rain, "
    • Kim Sung-min stabbed a woman to death
    • Reason – Hated women
      • Also mental illness – schizophrenia
    • Korea’s #MeToo movement
      • The uber-culture
        • Men feeling more and more displaced as their dominance is challenged as Korea modernizes
        • Men who aren’t as powerful lash out

    (Dec 21, 2017) Jecheon fire – electrical fire in a gym “Noble Fitness and Spa” – 29 killed

    Jecheon Fire

    • Incident
      • Smoke inhalation main culprit
        • Rapid spread
        • New paint and decorations from remodeling
      • 20 trapped in sauna
      • ~20 rescued from roof of eight-story building
      • Owner didn’t abandon this time
        • Tried to put out fire with extinguisher
        • But didn’t enter sauna because–naked women
      • Fire truck delayed
        • Illegally parked cars blocking way
        • Private truck from a cleaning company with ladder started rescue
        • Elderly man rescued 15 people before being taken to hospital
    • Cause
      • Installation of electric heating wires on first floor ceiling of the parking lot
    • To make things worse
      • Emergency exit was being used as a warehouse–blocked door
      • Power outage
      • Automatic door at entrance was broken – People didn’t know how to open it
      • No staff to help evacuate
      • Alarm not installed
      • Sprinkler system didn’t work
      • Elevators acted as chimneys
    • Aftermath
      • Fire department and local government accused of ineptitude by public
      • Fire preparedness was improved for public facilities after Daegu subway fire, but not private facilities

    (Jan 26, 2018) Miryang hospital fire – 41 killed

    • Sejong Hospital
    • Cause – Still unknown
      • Started in Emergency Room, maybe the ceiling
        • Likely wires above ceiling in the bathroom
    • Incident
      • Many intensive care patients were tied to their beds
      • Sprinklers not installed (not required)
    • Aftermath
      • Bills stuck in parliament to fix this

    Conclusion

    What have been the patterns?

    • 빨리 빨리
    • Disassociation of cause & effect
      • Bad at strategic thinking, good at tactical thinking
        • Stubborn refusal to anticipate disaster
        • Quick to fix disasters after they happen
    • Angry older men commit arson
    • Slow response of responders
    • Miscommunication
    • People being told to remain where they are–to follow authority
    • People in charge fled the scene (captains, subway operators, pub and building owners)
    • Greed & corruption
      • Paternal view of the masses
      • Regulators in bed with industry – bribes

    What has changed?

    • Air and building safety
    • Things don’t change until there’s public outcry
      • Driving/drunk driving rules
    • More of a safety mindset/conscientiousness
      • Expanding of one’s bubble to go beyond tribalism (immediate family) to community mindset
      • Driving has gotten better
    • Some fluidity in Confucian hierarchy
      • Air crews are required to speak up if the captain is wrong
    • Consciousness of social disasters (serial killers, sex crimes, child abuse)
    • Those who are responsible are being punished
    • Less corruption
      • Maybe because it’s a richer society. Gov’t officials don’t need to be bribed to stay afloat
        • This had been going on ever since the Joseon era when kings kept expanding the numbers of Merit Subjects

    What directions are we heading?

    • More consciousness of social disasters
      • Moving from structural to personal — human level
    • More responsibility being taken by those with responsibility
    • May see more helicopter parenting regarding safety
      • Note how Korean children have more freedom of movement than their western counterparts these days
        • America went through the child abduction scares of the ‘80s and ‘90s, causing paranoid parenting
        • Korea may be about to go through that
    • The looming iceberg: Mental Illness
      • Ignoring of mental illness and making it shameful
      • Social pressures amplifying them
  • “The Disaster Republic”: Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1990s)

    “The Disaster Republic”: Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1990s)

    Modern Korea was shaped as much by its disasters as its achievements. The 1990s were known as “The Disaster Republic.” The earlier decade’s rush to build the country resulted in horrific building and bridge collapses.

    • (October 28, 1992) Murder of Yoon Geum-yi
    • (Jan 7, 1993) Wooam Shopping Arcade Collapse – 28 killed
    • (March 28, 1993) Gupo Mugunghwa Train – 78 killed
    • (July 26, 1993) Asiana Airlines Flight 733 – 69 killed
    • (Oct 10, 1993) Sinking of MV Seohae – 292 killed
    • (October 21, 1994) Seongsu Bridge collapse – 32 killed
    • (1995) Sampoong Department Store Collapse – 502 killed

    Part of the Korean Disasters Series:

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1950s-70s)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1980s)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (21st Century)

    NEXT WEEK:

    We wrap up our disaster series by covering the 21st century. Fires, serial killers, and the Sewol Ferry. Subscribe to get it as soon as it’s published.

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          •  

    NOTES

    (October 28, 1992) Murder of Yoon Geum-yi

    • Yoon (26) was a sex worker at Dongducheon; she worked at a bar at a camptown (kijichon)
      • Camptowns surround USKF bases
      • Poor women were often recruited as sex workers in kichijon; they were stigmatized by classism, then more so as sex workers
    • She had a dispute with Private Ken Markle
      • Markle hit Yoon repeatedly over the head with a bottle
      • Markle violated Yoon with a bottle and umbrella both vaginally and anally; he stuffed her mouth with matches and covered her body in laundry detergent
    • Yoon’s murder infuriated some of the Korean public
      • Kim Hyun-sook: ‘Yoon is material evidence of imperialist violence against the bodies of Korean women.’
      • New dialogue about gender and sex crimes
        • Previous murders of camptown sex workers happened
          • Woman named Park was murdered and mutilated in 1960s by US serviceman; no legal action was taken, no apology was made; residents of camptown had to raise funds for funeral 
          • Proper funerals often didn’t happen because money couldn’t be raised or bodies were never found 
          • Camptown sex workers were looked down upon, their murders not considered worthwhile
        • Images of Yoon’s body were circulated by activists
          • Goal was to highlight the class differences between camptown workers and other Koreans, and show the violence that exists in camptowns by military personnel 
          • Grace M. Cho: ‘(Yoon) would serve as a haunting reminder to those who tried to distinguish themselves from her by making her presence felt as the excluded outsider that threatens the boundary.’
        • Committee on the Murder of Yoon Geum-yi was formed; this became the National Campaign for Eradication of Crime by US Troops in Korea
        • Korean government compensated Yoon’s family $70,000 
    • Markle convicted of rape and murder in ‘93; initially sentenced to life, reduced to 15 years because Yoon’s family received compensation from US gov
      • Served sentence in Cheonan
      • Given parole in August ‘06, left for US the next day
      • Judiciary committee granted parole because Markle was deemed ‘unlikely to commit another crime’; financial agreement was reached with Yoon’s family

    (Jan 7, 1993) Wooam Shopping Arcade Collapse – 28 killed

    Wooam Shopping Arcade
    • Presidency of Kim Young-sam 
      • Before inauguration ceremony (Feb 25)
      • Considered the starting point of “The Accident Republic”
    • Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province
    • Accident
      • (1:10 a.m.) Fire from short circuit in underground shopping mall 
      • Spread to 2nd floor
      • Residents went to the roof
      • (2 a.m.) Fire almost extinguished
      • Gas leaked through melted vinyl tubes on first floor
      • (2:10 a.m.) 10 gas cylinders exploded
      • Collapsed
    • Cause
      • Fire was the straw that broke the camel’s back
      • Poor construction
        • Extensions on the 4th floor caused load problems
        • Foundation used poor aggregates
        • Rebars not properly laid out
        • Wood chips in the concrete
    • Aftermath
      • Rebuilt (1995) as Pyeonghwa Shopping Center

    (March 28, 1993) Gupo Mugunghwa Train – 78 killed

    • Traveling from Seoul to Busan
    • 85 km/hr (within limits)
    • Engineer saw that the ground had collapsed and tried to brake
      • Survived. 
    • 276 on board
      • 78 people died, 198 people were injured (54 seriously injured, 144 minor injured)
    • Cause
      • Samsung Engineering & Construction was tunneling under the tracks to lay down some electrical cable
      • Was violating laws to work with Korea Railroad Authority
    • Aftermath
      • Railroad bed itself had to be repaired, which took a long time
        • Cut off transportation in main Seoul-Busan artery
        • Trains still pass that way
      • Engineer was not punished because it wasn’t his fault. He tried his best to prevent the disaster.
      • Executives were given light punishments
        • Pattern of judicial leniency towards chaebol execs, angering the public
        • CEO was merely transferred to Samsung Credit Card
      • Samsung Engineering & Construction was punished
        • 25.5 million won penalty
        • suspended domestically for six months (lost 1 trillion won)
          • Had trouble getting domestic contracts for ten years
          • Used this time to extend into Southeast Asia
        • Changed its name to Samsung E&C and was absorbed by Samsung C&T (1996) – Samsung C&T Construction Division (not even trying to hide it)
          • These days builds apartments, like Raemian
          • Built Everland
          • Currently #1 in domestic contracts
      • Ghost train
        • Story of a woman asking for rescue
        • Cry heard with the sound of wheels
        • Subject of the movie Red Eye (2005)

    (July 26, 1993) Asiana Airlines Flight 733 – 69 killed

    News story

    Flight recorder

    • Gimpo to Mokpo
    • 116 passengers
    • Accident
      • Bad weather
      • Made two unsuccessful landing attempts
      • Crashed into Mt. Ungeo, 10 km southwest of Mokpo Airport
      • Two passengers ran to the village at the base of mountain
        • Villagers raced to help the passengers
        • Made stretchers out of sticks and clothing
    • Cause
      • Airport didn’t have instrument landing system (ILS) & runway was narrow for civilian planes, so caused the multiple landing attempts
      • Veered off course and told the tower that it was
      • Had not received permission to land
      • Captain irritated that he kept missing the runway and decided to start approach at a lower altitude
        • Was not aware of the mountain in his way
      • Began descent when still passing over mountain peak
        • Safe altitude 490m (1600ft)
        • Mountain is 827 ft
        • Last thing the captain said, “Okay, 800 [feet].”
          • Not really, it was “오맙…”
          • Co-pilot “Hey!”
          • Engines increase. Got up to 762 ft. Crash.
    • Other causes
      • Asiana promoted itself as always being on time
      • Co-pilot was under-experienced (only 24 hours of civilian airliner flying time)
    • Aftermath
      • The rain prevented more explosions
      • Anti-submarine helicopter rescued the survivors
        • Ill-equipped, so transported the injured using cables
      • Unprofessional Media
        • Showed a women’s underwear without pixelating while being rescued–repeatedly
          • Jokes were being made
            • Some were transported to small hospitals or university hospitals based on the brands of their underwear
          • Broadcasters received warnings and apologized
        • KBS broadcasted names and addresses of the women
        • Held a microphone to a child trembling in shock
      • Asiana’s first and deadliest crash
        • Crashes in July 2011 and July 2013 — The Curse of Seven (July)
        • Deadliest air crash in Korea at the time
        • Deadliest of Boeing 737-500 at the time
        • Asiana still uses the number 733 for the Incheon-Hanoi route
      • Suspended Gimpo-Mokpo route
      • Paid compensation to families
      • Muan Int’l was built
        • When commissioned in 2007, decommissioned Mokpo
      • Residents of Macheon Village aided in the rescue
        • Villagers traumatized
        • Performed a gut to comfort them

    (Oct 10, 1993) Sinking of MV Seohae – 292 killed

    Seohae
    • Wido, Buan County, North Jeolla
      • Started to become a popular tourism/fishing spot in the ‘80s
    • 362 on board. Max capacity 221 and crew was under minimum
      • Mostly Wido residents and military
    • Largest since Namyoung in 1970
    • Factors
      • Harsh conditions
      • Overloading (in bow) and overboarding
        • Fish sauce and gravel
      • Thick rope wrapped around propellor shafts, left by fishing operations
    • Rescue
      • Only 2 of 9 lifeboats were operational
        • Survivors divided between lifeboats and others hung on from the outside and used boxes
      • Local fishing boats reported and rescued 40 survivors
      • Military boats and helicopters
        • 30 more rescued; 51 bodies recovered
    • Salvage
      Raising the Seohae
      • Lifted but ropes snapped. Got it on the second try.
      • 292 bodies recovered
        • Captain, chief engineer, deck chief in communications room
        • Rare that all bodies recovered–because the ship capsized so quickly, people trapped inside
    • Investigation conclusions
      • Forced to operate under harsh conditions
        • This time it was the passengers who forced it to go
          • Sunday and many had to go to work
      • Announcement to stay in cabins after strong wave hit
      • Steering was too strong–from inexperience
      • Company demanded to take a more dangerous route
      • Overloaded because the company was considered too small for state subsidies, incentivizing to go on less excursions
      • Coast Guard responded too late
    • Aftermath
      • 99.1 million won per family (22.8 billion won)
        • Ferry company was only worth 1 billions won
        • 7.3 paid by the Shipping Mutual Aid Association
        • The rest came from donations and the pension fund
        • BUT…
          • MBC PD Notebook reported that a gov’t official threatened the families if they sued
            • “If you go to court, your family will lose, and if you go to the Supreme Court, it will take 3-4 years. Why should that be?”
          • 10 families succeeded won state compensation in court, claiming lots of state neglect in supplying proper personnel and equipment
      • 38 Transportation officials reprimanded
      • Chairman of shipping union dismissed
      • Media unprofessionalism
        • Claimed people saw the captain leave and return home
          • Mistook one captain for another
        • Captain secretly escaped to Japan
          • Media company was raided by the gov’t
        • Prosecution and police were following the wrong captain based on those reports
        • When captain was found, media posted apologies
        • This was a pattern that was parodied in the 2014 drama Pinnocchio
      • Number of routes increased
      • Stronger practices for keeping track of who’s on board
        • no longer selling boarding passes after boarding
        • Must fill out more info when getting a boarding pass
        • All passenger ships informed of # before departing
      • BUT–National Assembly did nothing to strengthen the safety of ships themselves
      • Comment on Namu Wiki that the government and media learned nothing from this, and repeated the same mistakes after Sewol
      • Memorial tower in Wido

    (October 21, 1994) Seongsu Bridge collapse – 32 killed

    Seongsu Bridge Collapse
    • Links Seong-dong and Gangnam (built 1977)
    • Accident
      • (12:20-2:30 a.m.) 1.3x2m steel plate laid on seams of the bridge to cover a gap opening on the bridge
      • Crack kept growing
      • (6 a.m.) Driver reports the growing gap to the Seoul gov’t
      • (7:38 a.m.) Section broke off
        • One van and two cars fell along with it
          • Kia Vesta van basically was unharmed 
            • was carrying police, who helped with recovery
        • Bus then fell when driver couldn’t brake in time, landed upside down
        • Total six vehicles and 49 passengers, 32 deaths
          • Muhak Girls’ Middle & High School students
      • Response was late because responders thought they were being pranked
    • Cause
      • Dong-A E&C
        • Supporting truss had a faulty weld
          • So bad that afterward MBC report showed the bolt could be removed by hand
        • Maintained the bridge for five years
      • Seoul Gov’t
        • Took over maintenance
          • Insufficient inspections & maintenance
        • Didn’t prepare for explosive growth of traffic when new arterial roads were opened, so excessive congestion
        • Didn’t enforce restrictions on heavy vehicles
          • Concrete factory next to the northern end of the bridges
          • Regulations only considered the weight of empty trucks
    • Aftermath
      • MBC brought up that it had reported on the bridge the year before, and the Seoul Metro Gov’t brushed it off
        • Re-aired the report after the disaster
      • Dong-A E&C
        • Apologized to the public in newspaper ads
        • Offered to pay for the rebuilding and for maintenance
        • Gave up on repairing
          • Dismantled and replaced by Hyundai E&C
            • Supervised by a foreign firm (High Point Rendel)
              • First time
              • Why? 
                • Didn’t trust domestic companies because of corruption and collusion/bribery
            • Finished July 1997, looking about the same as the old bridge
        • Dong-A E&C dismantled in 2001 and became a subsidiary of SM Group
      • This is one of the reasons there are so many bridges today on the Han River–to reduce congestion
      • Muhak Girls’ Middle and High Schools still have memorial periods
        • Controversy over bussing
      • One SNU student who died had wanted to donate his organs
        • But the timeline passed before his body was recovered
        • Used for dissection practice at Korea University College of Medicine
      • Memorial on the north side of the bridge
        • toward the entrance/exit road of Gangbyeonbuk-ro toward Hannam-ro
        • Hard to get to 
      • Seoul Mayors
        • Mayors were appointed, not elected
        • Lee Won-jong was in office
          • Was praised for his handling of Wooam Shopping Arcade incident when governor of North Chungcheong Province
        • Woo Myeong-gyu
          • But then everyone remembered he was mayor when the Seongsu Bridge was erected
          • Resigned 11 days later
        • Choi Byeong-ryeol (the last appointed mayor)
          • Made construction safety his priority
          • The day before he left office…

    (1995) Sampoong Department Store Collapse – 502 killed

    Movie with Sharknado level effects but still horrific

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mwi4OiJches

    Seconds from Disaster

    • Background
      • Seocho-gu, Gangnam
        • Was a landfill
        • Was designated a residential district
          • But… bribes
        • The building was supposed to be a 4-story apartment building but the chairman turned it into a department store
          • Cut away support pillars for escalators
          • Added fifth floor
        • Woosung Construction refused, Sampoong E&C chairman Lee Joon fired them and had Sampoong E&C do it
      • Unconventional when built
        • Started 1987. Finished 1989. Opened July 1990.
        • Pink
        • Second largest store in Korea
        • Considered the most luxurious
          • Known for attracting foreign brands
          • Even held foreign culture exhibitions
          • Even had a Wendy’s
        • Flat-slab structure
          • no steel skeleton
            • Couldn’t transfer the load across floors
        • Maximized floor space by reducing the size of the columns and spreading them further apart
        • Fifth floor
          • Originally a roller rink to comply with zoning regulations that it couldn’t ALL be a department store
          • Lee Joon changed it to hold eight restaurants
            • Ondol heating
              • Water increased weight
        • Columns supporting 4x maximum weight
          • Were not lined up on each floor
        • Three 15-ton air cons on the roof
          • Neighbors complained of noise
          • (1993) they were dragged across the roof instead of using a crane, resulting in cracks
    • Accident
      • (April 1995) Cracks appear on ceiling of fifth floor
        • Lee moved merchandise to the basement
      • (Morning, June 29, 1995) Number of cracks increased dramatically
        • Near the column supporting all those air conditioners
        • Managers closed parts of the top floor
      • Unusually high number of customers that day, so management didn’t close the store
      • Civil engineering experts were examining the cracks 
        • Said building was on the verge of collapse
      • (Around 1 p.m.) First of several loud bangs from top floors
        • Air conditioning vibration causing cracks to widen 10 cm wide
        • Turned off
      • Collapse was inevitable
      • Emergency board meeting
        • Directors said customers should be evacuated
        • Lee refused before he himself left the building
          • Didn’t even inform his own daughter-in-law, who was an employee
      • (5 p.m.) Fifth floor began to sink
        • Workers closed off access to fifth floor
      • (5:52 p.m.) Cracking sounds
        • Employees tell customers to evacuate
        • Air cons crashed through the floors
        • Columns that were weakened to make way for escalators followed
        • Floors pancaked
      • (20 seconds later)
        • 502 people killed
        • 1,500 trapped
    • Rescue
      • Mayor Choi Byeong-ryeol announced rescue would be called off for fear of causing further collapse
        • PROTESTS!!!!!
        • Continued search while using cables to stabilize
        • Korea Telecom transmitted signals every half hour to set off phones and pagers
        • Officials claimed that after two days, it would be more of a recovery effort
        • Nearly a week later that’s what happened
        • Last to be rescued: 19-year-old Park Seung-hyun, 17 days later
          • Had a few scratches
        • One survivor reported that others had drowned from rain water and the water used for fire suppression
    • Aftermath
      • Initial proposed causes
        • Gas explosion
        • North Korea
        • Poor foundation
        • Substandard concrete (mixed with seawater) and poorly reinforced
          • True but not the main culprit
      • Concluded it was poorly designed flat slab construction
        • Was supposed to use stout, aligned columns to carry the main load
        • Instead, thin columns that were staggered in different parts on each floor
          • Half the number of steel reinforcement bars
        • Fire shields installed around the escalators contributed to the collapse (the irony, considering the 1971 Daeyeongak fire)
        • Fifth floor was overkill
          • More overkill with restaurants using heavy equipment
        • The moving of the air conditioners was the seed event
      • Lee Joon stated that the collapse not only harmed customers, it inflicted financial harm to his company
        • (Dec 27, 1995) Found guilty of criminal negligence
        • 10.5 years in prison
        • Prosecutors wanted 20 years
        • Reduced to 7.5 years on appeal
        • (Oct 4, 2003) Died months after release from diabetes/blood pressure/kidney disease–and evil
      • Lee Joon’s son, Lee Han-Sang, received seven years for accidental homicide and corruption
        • Released in 2002
        • Worked as an evangelist in Mongolia
      • City official Lee Chung-Woo sentenced to three years for bribery
        • Was chief administrator for that area
      • Former administrator Hwang Chol-Min got 10 years
        • For accepting 12 million won bribe from Lee Joon
      • Other officials and store executives received punishments
      • Lee Joon & Son offered all their wealth to compensate families, thus dissolving their company
      • Today
        • Remains of the store were swept under the rug
        • Remained vacant until 2000
        • Families requested a memorial, but Seocho gov’t refused
          • Memorial built in Yangjae Citizen’s Forest
          • Land sold to private developer
        • Now Acrovista Apartments
      • Because of Seongsu, Sampoong, and other disasters, the Korean government conducted a safety assessment
      • People were scared of anything built in the 1980s and 1990s
      • Results
        • 1/7 (14.3%) of all tall buildings were in need of renovation.
        • 80% of all buildings had major repairs.
        • Only 2% of all buildings were in safe condition.
      • Other notes
        • Dangsan Rail Bridge (western bridge of Subway Line 2) likely would have collapsed if Seongsu hadn’t collapsed first
          • Transformed into 2-platform bridge
          • Collapsed on its own during demolition work
  • Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1980s)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1980s)

    Modern Korea was shaped as much by its disasters as its achievements. The 1980s saw its share of air disasters and terrorism from North Korea. Plus the Hwaseong serial murders that weren’t solved until 2019.

    • (1980) Korean Air Lines Flight 015 crash
    • (1983) February 1982 Korean Air Force C-123 accident 
    • (1986) Gimpo International Airport bombing
    • (1987) Korean Air Flight 858 bombing
    • (1986-1991) Hwaseong serial murders

    Part of the Korean Disasters Series:

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1950s-70s)

    “The Disaster Republic”: Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1990s)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (21st Century)

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    NOTES

    • (1980) Korean Air Lines Flight 015 crash (pilot error) – 15 killed, 226 on board

      • LAX to Seoul (Gimpo) – stop in Anchorage, AK
      • Crashed while landing
        • Calm wind but patchy fog w/1000 meters visibility
        • Circled several times
        • Pilot reported trouble with the controls shortly before beginning landing at 7:15 a.m.
        • 90 meters short, embankment slope
          • Hit anti-aircraft gun emplacement
          • Wing hit a parked military vehicle
          • Pushed landing gears into the cargo compartment, rupturing it
          • Slid down runway on nose gear and belly, fire
            • Wings were intact
            • Fuel tank not ruptured, not much left anyway
            • Fire in cargo department from sparks and hydraulic fluid
          • 6 crew, 9 passengers killed, 4 seriously injured
            • Among the killed
              • Pilot & Crew 5 Koreans, 1 Hong Konger
              • 1 American, 1 Japanese
              • From the upper deck?
            • Quick actions by the crew to open emergency exits and chutes are credited for the large number of survivors
      • Evaluation
        • [from Code 7700] Minimums for the approach were 500m visibility and decision height of 200 feet
          • Would have seen the lights but not the runway at 200 feet
          • At 100 feet, would have seen the runway
          • Speculation: A pilot without the discipline or experience to remain on the instruments would be tempted to dive for the runway when they glimpsed it, ducking under the glide path
          • “ a classic novice instrument pilot mistake”

    external/www.baa...

     

    • (1982) February 1982 Korean Air Force C-123 accident – 53 killed

      • On approach
      • Bad weather on training mission
      • Crashed into Mt. Halla in Jeju
      • Fourth worst in Korean history
      • 47 passengers and six crew killed
        • All passengers soldiers from army’s elite 707th Special Mission Battalion
    • (1983) Korean Air Lines 007


      • NYC – Seoul via Anchorage
      • (Sept 1, 1983) Shot down by Soviet Su-15 Interceptor
      • Navigation error
        • Flew through prohibited soviet air space
        • Same time as a U.S. aerial reconnaissance mission 
        • Treated it as a spy plane
        • Four MiG-23 fighters were deployed
        • Fired warning shots (likely not seen by pilots)
          • Not incendiary shells
        • Plane climbed to a higher altitude to save fuel
          • Interpreted as an evasive maneuver
        • Fired air-to-air missiles
        • The crew were able to stabilize the aircraft for five minutes. Then it spiraled out of control and broke apart
        • All 269 passengers plus crew killed
          • Rep. Larry McDonald (Ga)
      • Root causes
        • One of the beacons used for programming the autopilot in Anchorage was down for repairs
        • Autopilot was on HEADING mode (based on magnetic positioning) when it should have been switched to INS mode (pre-programmed) after passing Bethel, AK and had already veered too far off course to kick in
          • Not detected by crew
        • Communications not connected (using VHF rather than HF)
        • High tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union
          • Lots of missile programs and deployments and naval exercises
          • Old guard Soviet hierarchy viewed this as provocative
          • Some believe Reagan was plotting a secret nuclear attack
          • U.S. aircraft had routinely been violating Soviet air space, and military officials were getting punished for not doing anything about it
          • A soviet missile test was scheduled in that area on the same day
          • A radar that would have been able to track and identify it as civilian was under repair, and those responsible lied to Moscow that it was operational
          • There was a recorded debate between Gen. Valery Kamensky and his subordinate, Gen. Anatoly Kornukov over whether to identify it first
          • Entered, left and re-entered Soviet airspace. When it re-entered, it was classified as a target
          • Planes made visual contact but couldn’t identify it as civilian because of night
          • Kornukov gave the order to shoot it down before it returned to international air space
            • Recollection of pilot who shot it down
              • Saw blinking lights, indicating it was a civilian aircraft
              • But felt it could easily be a ruse
              • Didn’t mention it was a Boeing sized aircraft because no one asked
              • The pilot’s recollection sounds like an overeager mall cop
      • Soviets initially denied knowledge
        • Then admitted to it but saying it was a U.S. provocation to test boundaries of Soviet Union preparedness or to provoke a war
        • Lied that the plane was running without lights, that tracer bullets were fired, or had radio contact
        • Impeded search and rescue and hid evidence from International Civil Aviation Organization
        • One of the most tense moments of the Cold War
      • Aftermath
        • U.S. altered tracking procedures for aircraft departing from Alaska
        • Autopilot interface altered to make it more ergonomic
        • One of the incidents that pushed the Reagan administration to allow worldwide access to GPS
        • The U.S., Japan, and U.S.S.R. set up joint radar coverage of civilian aircraft
        • Soviets found flight recorder but kept it secret until 1993
        • Korean pilot in Monthly Chosun 1996 who took off behind Flight 007:
          • Policy of punishing crews for mistakes kept them from turning back
          • Loss of face
          • Radioed the pilot of the plane and asked why slipping behind schedule
            • Answer: “The wind is strong.”
            • Answer was short and hasty, like he was hiding something
          • Fear of punishment as KAL policy caused them to take risks
          • Believes INS wasn’t functioning because path was too meandering
            • Says there were many instances of Korean pilot errors in using navigation equipment and airline’s punitive reactions
            • Coordinates are entered at the boarding gate
              • If error discovered in flight, hard to correct
              • Must return to airport
            • (1982) Flight from Paris
              • Pilots discovered autopilot navigation error
              • Returned to Paris
              • Pilot was suspended for 20 days
            • Flight from Honolulu mistakenly put in coordinates for Hong Kong
              • Returned to airport
              • Pilot severely punished
            • Flight Anchorage to Seoul
              • Student pilot put in incorrect coordinates
              • Feared punishment, so crew flew by compass
              • Found a J.A.L. plane and followed it
          • The pilot in the interview brought it up with KAL management, but they didn’t change policy

     

    • (1986) Gimpo International Airport bombing (NK) – 5 killed

      • September 14, leading up to Asian Games
      • South warned that North may disrupt Games
        • North didn’t participate in Games; convinced Vietnam and Cambodia to boycott
        • South gave up hosting Games in 1970 due to North’s threats
      • Occurred 15:12 international terminal 
      • Blast source was metal trash bin near taxi stand
      • Victims
        • Kim Bong-deok (42), Ok Geun-sook (34), Kim Hyun-joo (?), Ok Kun (22) (parents, daughter, mother’s brother; other members of the family were injured); family just said goodbye to relative at departure terminal 
        • Yoo Joo-han (41), airport employee changing a lightbulb
        • Approximately 30+ injured, 20+ seriously (initial reports)
      • Heavy structural damage to walls, windows, etc
      • Batteries and wiring were discovered
    •  South suggested explosion was similar to Daegu (82) and Rangoon (83)
      • Daegu was blamed on potential dissidents, but likely North (2 deaths)
      • Rangoon was blamed on North (21 deaths, 46 injured)
        • Assassination attempt on Chun Doo-hwan
        • Three bombs detonated, collapsed Martyrs Mausoleum roof
        • 17 Korean politicians, security personnel, and journalists died
      • Government protests were occurring at the time (see our episode)
    • Expected visitor numbers decreased
    • Result: massive increase in security for future events
    • (Nov 29, 1987) Korean Air Flight 858 (NK attack)

      • Baghdad→ Seoul
      • Exploded midflight
      • Background
        • Agents flew to Moscow
          • Traveled to Budapest then Vienna
          • Were given two forged Japanese passports and posed as tourists in Vienna
          • Flew to Belgrade 
            • Received the time bomb
              • Panasonic transistor radio and a bottle of explosive disguised as a liquor bottle to intensify the blast
              • People today questioning: They could bring those on planes?
          • Baghdad
            • Waited 3.5 hours for KAL 858 to arrive
            • Planted the explosives above their seats
          • Abu Dhabi
            • Left
            • Had purchased tickets from Abu Dhabi to Rome as an escape
            • Tried to fly to Amman, Jordan, as part of their escape
              • Trouble with travel visas
            • Flew to Bahrain
        • Flight itself
          • On the leg from Abu Dhabi to Thailand
          • Carrying 104 passengers and 11 crew
          • Exploded nine hours after it had been planted, almost towards the end of the flight
          • Most all on board except two were South Korean
            • Young construction workers returning home
      • Bahrain
        • Planned to travel to Rome
        • Passports spotted as forgeries
        • Took cyanide capsules hidden in cigarettes
          • One died
          • Woman survived – Kim Hyon-hui
            • Tried to claim she was a Chinese orphan raised in Japan
            • The cigarettes were a dead giveaway
            • Weird story about how she came around
              • Shown TV of South Korea that contradicted everything she was taught to believe
              • Threw her arms around the female investigator and confessed to the bombing
      • Planned by Kim Jong-Il before he came to power
        • Meant as a scare tactic before the 1988 Olympics
      • Aftermath
        • Helped Chun Doo-Hwan to get his successor Roh Tae-Woo elected
        • Put NK on state sponsors of terorrism list
        • NK denies
        • Kim Hyon-hui sentenced to death
          • Pardoned by Roh Tae-woo
            • Claimed she was brainwashed
          • Published a book in 1993 The Tears of My Soul
          • 1990 – Mayumi
          • Kim Hyon Hui now lives in an undisclosed location under security
    • (1986-1991) Hwaseong serial murders – 10 killed (4 others connected/confessed)

      • Lee Choon-jae
      • Murders took place in Hwaseong City (districts: Taean, Jeongnam, Paltan, Dongtan), southwest of Seoul
      • Victims – aged 7 to 71; most we taken from secluded areas and/or at night; there were few street lights and no CCTVs – one victim was murdered in her bed; rural community at the time
        • September 15, 1986: Lee Wan-im (71)
        • October 20, 1986: Park Hyun-sook (25)
        • December 12, 1986: Kwon Jung-bon (25)
        • December 14, 1986: Lee Kye-sook (23)
        • January 10, 1987: Jong Jin-young (18)
        • May 2, 1987: Park Eun-joo (29)
        • *December 24, 1987: 18 year old victim
        • September 7, 1988: Ahn Gi-soon (54)
        • September 16, 1988: Park Sang-hee (13; murdered at home)
        • *July 7, 1989: 7 year old victim
        • November 15, 1990: Kim Mi-jeong (14)
        • *January 26, 1991: 15 year old victim
        • *March 7, 1991: 27 year old victim
        • April 3, 1991: Kwon Soon-sang (67)
      • Victims were raped and strangled, often with articles of their clothing; used hands in early murders; panties on victims’ faces; later murders: peach slices, razor blades, utensils, pens found 
      • Shamans performed rituals; soothsayers were consulted
      • Largest single investigation in Korean history at the time
        • 2 million+ person hours
        • 21,000+ suspects
      • July 27, 1989: Yoon Sang-yeo arrested, later convicted for murder of Park Sang-hee (victim 8)
        • Loose forensic connection
        • Admitted guilt
        • Deemed copycat murder
      • Murders went unsolved for decades
      • September 18, 2019
        • Lee Choon-jae linked through DNA; confessed
          • Confessed to other murders and 30+ rapes
        • January 13, 1994: Lee raped/murdered sister-in-law (18)
          • Was serving life sentence when confessed
          • Sentence was reduced from death penalty
            • If he was executed, Hwaseong Murders may have never been solved
      • Yoon Sang-yeo had already served 20 years
        • Criminal record expunged 
      • Statute of limitations protects Lee from ever being charged
        • Statute went through revisions before being removed (2015); not retroactive
  • Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1950s-70s)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1950s-70s)

    Modern Korea was shaped as much by its disasters as its achievements. In the first of four episodes, we cover sinkings, fires, hijackings, and mass murders that still echo through society.

    • (Jan 9, 1953) Ferry MV Changgyeong sinking
    • (1969) Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking
    • (Dec 15, 1970) Sinking of Namyoung-Ho ferry
    • (1971) Gimpo mass shooting
    • (Dec 25, 1971) Daeyeongak Hotel fire – Deadliest hotel fire in world history
    • (Aug-Oct, 1975) Serial killing spree – Kim Dae Du
    • (1977) Iri Station explosion

    Part of the Korean Disasters Series:

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1980s)

    “The Disaster Republic”: Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (1990s)

    Disasters that Shaped Modern Korea (21st Century)

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  • The Han River Bridge Bombing

    The Han River Bridge Bombing

    At the start of the Korean War, a bridge blew up, killing citizens fleeing Seoul and stranding a good section of the South Korean Army on the wrong side. Here are the tragedies of errors behind that.

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  • The 2011 Seoul Landslide and Other Natural Disasters

    The 2011 Seoul Landslide and Other Natural Disasters

    In July 2011, a landslide was triggered by heavy rains on a mountain on the southern side of Seoul. It crashed through apartment buildings and resulted in deaths and destruction. Your host, Joe, was caught in that. Here’s his story.

    Video of the Umyeonsan Landslides

    My video

    EBS broadcasting building

    This is a video done by EBS about how it hit their studios, where I was broadcasting at the time. The studio where they taped the popular children’s show Ppoong-Ppoong-i looked like the set of Lord of the RIngs. 

    The military and police and others worked hard to make the building usable for the most basic of broadcasting. They set up temporary generators outside the building. Cleared trees from the inside of the building.  

    The video shows them clearing walking space in the mud and making one radio booth usable. We did shows from there for a month with no air conditioning, trekking in and out through the mud paths in the hallways.

    Old blog post with my photos.

    https://zenkimchi.com/news-media/breaking-news-landslide-hits-ebs-studios/

    The rains leading up to the landslides. Video of what it really was like on the ground level.

    In-depth piece about the landslides with animated graphics

    Drainage reinforcement in the aftermath of the Umyeonsan Landslides

    https://blog.naver.com/bsnking/221289861027

    umyeonsan

    You can see where the landslides occurred. They look like tree branches going up the mountain.

    Tornadoes



    https://www.reddit.com/r/CatastrophicFailure/comments/b1owlg/tornado_wiped_whole_factory_out_in_dangjin_south/

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